The first requisite for a rational solution of the problem of knowledge is a clear understanding of the ideas and terms which underlie the problem as a whole. The previous posts made us acquainted with these basic ideas and terms. The next requisite will be an exposition of the general facts which are given and granted by all, which form the common ground upon which all stand, which constitute the undisputed basis of the problem, and which are the universal starting point of all inquiry.
Knowledge we have. No one seriously doubts that we possess what is termed 'knowledge,' considered as a subjective state of the mind. What worries the philosophers is the firm and spontaneous conviction entertained by the generality of men, educated and uneducated alike, that this knowledge is a faithful representation of reality as it is in itself. They are not so sure that the ordinary man's claim to truth in this knowledge is justifiable beyond reasonable doubt. They feel that these spontaneous convictions must be critically investigated before their validity can be admitted. These convictions are obvious facts. We have them, and they cannot be argued out of existence. That they produce in us a subjective certitude, is also admitted as a fact; but what philosophers desire to establish is, whether this subjective certitude is grounded on objective reality. That is the vital question. It will be necessary, therefore, to make a general survey of these spontaneous convictions of mankind, considered solely as facts, in order to obtain a clearer conception of the problem.
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